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In a 48V input telecommunications system, a 100W to 250W power supply is sufficient for many applications. Forward converters are ideal for these applications. At lower output voltages, synchronous rectification in the secondary circuit improves efficiency and simplifies system thermal design. Active clamp forward converters are well suited for these applications because of the ease of implementation of synchronous rectification.
In most cases, the output current of the forward converter is often set at approximately 30A. Beyond this current value, it is difficult to manage the inductor design and conduction losses of the secondary circuit. From a power point of view, the main circuit (many parallel FETs) is a limiting factor in rated power above 250W. In some high power systems, a different topology must be used instead, such as a full bridge or the like, or two or more forward converters can be operated in parallel to increase the output power.
Load sharing ICs are very effective for some parallel power supplies that use diodes to rectify their outputs. The diode rectified power supply allows current to be drawn only from the power supply. However, a power supply using a synchronous rectifier can simultaneously supply and draw power, which can damage some load-load sharing controllers. This is especially true at startup because the feedback loop is dominated by the slow start circuit of the primary controller, and the two parallel power supplies attempt to regulate the output to different voltage levels. These problems can be avoided by interleaving two separate power stages. This article introduces you to a 5V, 300W interleaved isolated power supply that is driven by a standard 36V-72V telecom input.
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